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location:
southern africa. between south africa and zambia
geographic coordinates:
20 00 s. 30 00 e
map references:
africa
area:
total: 390.580 sq km land: 386.670 sq km water: 3.910 sq km
area - comparative:
slightly larger than montana
land boundaries:
total: 3.066 km border countries: botswana 813 km. mozambique 1.231 km. south africa 225 km. zambia 797 km
coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
maritime claims:
none (landlocked)
climate:
tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (november to march)
terrain:
mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east
elevation extremes:
lowest point: junction of the runde and save rivers 162 m highest point: inyangani 2.592 m
natural resources:
coal. chromium ore. asbestos. gold. nickel. copper. iron ore. vanadium. lithium. tin. platinum group metals
land use:
arable land: 8.32% permanent crops: 0.34% other: 91.34% (2001)
irrigated land:
1.170 sq km (1998 est.)
natural hazards:
recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare
environment - current issues:
deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution
environment - international agreements:
party to: biodiversity. climate change. desertification. endangered species. law of the sea. ozone layer protection signed. but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
geography - note:
landlocked; the zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with zambia; in full flood (february-april) the massive victoria falls on the river forms the world's largest curtain of falling water
population:
12.746.990 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to aids; this can result in lower life expectancy. higher infant mortality and death rates. lower population and growth rates. and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (july 2005 est.)
age structure:
0-14 years: 39.2% (male 2.522.609/female 2.474.131) 15-64 years: 57.1% (male 3.686.354/female 3.592.662) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 235.478/female 235.756) (2005 est.)
median age:
total: 19.26 years male: 19.28 years female: 19.24 years (2005 est.)
population growth rate:
0.51% (2005 est.)
birth rate:
29.74 births/1.000 population (2005 est.)
death rate:
24.66 deaths/1.000 population (2005 est.)
net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1.000 population negligible migrant(s)/1.000 population note: there is an increasing flow of zimbabweans into south africa and botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2005 est.)
sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
infant mortality rate:
total: 67.69 deaths/1.000 live births male: 70.32 deaths/1.000 live births female: 64.98 deaths/1.000 live births (2005 est.)
life expectancy at birth:
total population: 39.13 years male: 40.2 years female: 38.03 years (2005 est.)
total fertility rate:
3.54 children born/woman (2005 est.)
hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate:
24.6% (2001 est.)
hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids:
1.8 million (2001 est.)
hiv/aids - deaths:
170.000 (2003 est.)
major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea. hepatitis a. and typhoid vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
nationality:
noun: zimbabwean(s) adjective: zimbabwean
ethnic groups:
african 98% (shona 82%. ndebele 14%. other 2%). mixed and asian 1%. white less than 1%
religions:
syncretic (part christian. part indigenous beliefs) 50%. christian 25%. indigenous beliefs 24%. muslim and other 1%
languages:
english (official). shona. sindebele (the language of the ndebele. sometimes called ndebele). numerous but minor tribal dialects
literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write english total population: 90.7% male: 94.2% female: 87.2% (2003 est.)
country name:
conventional long form: republic of zimbabwe conventional short form: zimbabwe former: southern rhodesia. rhodesia
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