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location:
northern africa. bordering the red sea. between egypt and eritrea
geographic coordinates:
15 00 n. 30 00 e
map references:
africa
area:
total: 2.505.810 sq km land: 2.376 million sq km water: 129.810 sq km
area - comparative:
slightly more than one-quarter the size of the us
land boundaries:
total: 7.687 km border countries: central african republic 1.165 km. chad 1.360 km. democratic republic of the congo 628 km. egypt 1.273 km. eritrea 605 km. ethiopia 1.606 km. kenya 232 km. libya 383 km. uganda 435 km
coastline:
853 km
maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 18 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
climate:
tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (april to november)
terrain:
generally flat. featureless plain; mountains in far south. northeast and west; desert dominates the north
elevation extremes:
lowest point: red sea 0 m highest point: kinyeti 3.187 m
natural resources:
petroleum; small reserves of iron ore. copper. chromium ore. zinc. tungsten. mica. silver. gold. hydropower
land use:
arable land: 6.83% permanent crops: 0.18% other: 92.99% (2001)
irrigated land:
19.500 sq km (1998 est.)
natural hazards:
dust storms and periodic persistent droughts
environment - current issues:
inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought
environment - international agreements:
party to: biodiversity. climate change. climate change-kyoto protocol. desertification. endangered species. law of the sea. ozone layer protection signed. but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
geography - note:
largest country in africa; dominated by the nile and its tributaries
population:
40.187.486 (july 2005 est.)
age structure:
0-14 years: 43.2% (male 8.865.331/female 8.488.982) 15-64 years: 54.5% (male 10.952.566/female 10.930.218) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 513.679/female 436.710) (2005 est.)
median age:
total: 18.07 years male: 17.86 years female: 18.29 years (2005 est.)
population growth rate:
2.6% (2005 est.)
birth rate:
35.17 births/1.000 population (2005 est.)
death rate:
9.16 deaths/1.000 population (2005 est.)
net migration rate:
-0.02 migrant(s)/1.000 population (2005 est.)
sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.18 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
infant mortality rate:
total: 62.5 deaths/1.000 live births male: 63.29 deaths/1.000 live births female: 61.67 deaths/1.000 live births (2005 est.)
life expectancy at birth:
total population: 58.54 years male: 57.33 years female: 59.8 years (2005 est.)
total fertility rate:
4.85 children born/woman (2005 est.)
hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate:
2.3% (2001 est.)
hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids:
400.000 (2001 est.)
hiv/aids - deaths:
23.000 (2003 est.)
major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea. hepatitis a. and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria. dengue fever. african trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
nationality:
noun: sudanese (singular and plural) adjective: sudanese
ethnic groups:
black 52%. arab 39%. beja 6%. foreigners 2%. other 1%
religions:
sunni muslim 70% (in north). indigenous beliefs 25%. christian 5% (mostly in south and khartoum)
languages:
arabic (official). nubian. ta bedawie. diverse dialects of nilotic. nilo-hamitic. sudanic languages. english note: program of "arabization" in process
literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 61.1% male: 71.8% female: 50.5% (2003 est.)
country name:
conventional long form: republic of the sudan conventional short form: sudan local long form: jumhuriyat as-sudan local short form: as-sudan former: anglo-egyptian sudan
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