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location:
eastern africa. bordering the gulf of aden and the indian ocean. east of ethiopia
geographic coordinates:
10 00 n. 49 00 e
map references:
africa
area:
total: 637.657 sq km land: 627.337 sq km water: 10.320 sq km
area - comparative:
slightly smaller than texas
land boundaries:
total: 2.340 km border countries: djibouti 58 km. ethiopia 1.600 km. kenya 682 km
coastline:
3.025 km
maritime claims:
territorial sea: 200 nm
climate:
principally desert; december to february - northeast monsoon. moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; may to october - southwest monsoon. torrid in the north and hot in the south. irregular rainfall. hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons
terrain:
mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north
elevation extremes:
lowest point: indian ocean 0 m highest point: shimbiris 2.416 m
natural resources:
uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore. tin. gypsum. bauxite. copper. salt. natural gas. likely oil reserves
land use:
arable land: 1.67% permanent crops: 0.04% other: 98.29% (2001)
irrigated land:
2.000 sq km (1998 est.)
natural hazards:
recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season
environment - current issues:
famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
environment - international agreements:
party to: endangered species. law of the sea. ozone layer protection
geography - note:
strategic location on horn of africa along southern approaches to bab el mandeb and route through red sea and suez canal
population:
8.591.629 note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the somali government; population counting in somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (july 2005 est.)
age structure:
0-14 years: 44.5% (male 1.918.209/female 1.905.974) 15-64 years: 52.9% (male 2.278.406/female 2.263.602) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 96.256/female 129.182) (2005 est.)
median age:
total: 17.59 years male: 17.53 years female: 17.65 years (2005 est.)
population growth rate:
3.38% (2005 est.)
birth rate:
45.62 births/1.000 population (2005 est.)
death rate:
16.97 deaths/1.000 population (2005 est.)
net migration rate:
5.19 migrant(s)/1.000 population (2005 est.)
sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
infant mortality rate:
total: 116.7 deaths/1.000 live births male: 126.06 deaths/1.000 live births female: 107.06 deaths/1.000 live births (2005 est.)
life expectancy at birth:
total population: 48.09 years male: 46.36 years female: 49.87 years (2005 est.)
total fertility rate:
6.84 children born/woman (2005 est.)
hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate:
1% (2001 est.)
hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids:
43.000 (2001 est.)
hiv/aids - deaths:
na
major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea. hepatitis a and e. and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2004)
nationality:
noun: somali(s) adjective: somali
ethnic groups:
somali 85%. bantu and other non-somali 15% (including arabs 30.000)
religions:
sunni muslim
languages:
somali (official). arabic. italian. english
literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 37.8% male: 49.7% female: 25.8% (2001 est.)
country name:
conventional long form: none conventional short form: somalia former: somali republic. somali democratic republic
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