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capital:
'amman administrative divisions: 12 governorates (muhafazat. singular - muhafazah); ajlun. al 'aqabah. al balqa'. al karak. al mafraq. 'amman. at tafilah. az zarqa'. irbid. jarash. ma'an. madaba independence: 25 may 1946 (from league of nations mandate under british administration) national holiday: independence day. 25 may (1946) constitution: 1 january 1952; amended 1954. 1955. 1958. 1960. 1965. 1973. 1974. 1976. 1984 legal system: based on islamic law and french codes; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided high tribunal; has not accepted compulsory icj jurisdiction suffrage: 18 years of age; universal executive branch: chief of state: king abdallah ii (since 7 february 1999); prince hussein (born 1994). eldest son of king abdallah. is first in line to inherit the throne head of government: prime minister marouf al-bakhit(since 24 november 2005); deputy prime minister ziad fariz (since 24 november 2005) cabinet: cabinet appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch legislative branch: bicameral national assembly or majlis al-'umma consists of the senate. also called the house of notables (majlis al-ayan) (55 seats; members appointed by the monarch from designated categories of public figures; members serve four-year terms) and the house of representatives. also called the house of deputies (majlis al-nuwaab) (110 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms; note - six seats are reserved for women and are allocated by a special electoral panel if no women are elected) elections: house of representatives - last held 17 june 2003 (next to be held na 2007) election results: house of representatives - percent of vote by party - independents and others 89.6%. islamic action front (iaf) 10.4%; seats by party - independents and others 92. islamic action front 18; note - one of the six quota seats was given to a female iaf candidate note: the house of representatives has been convened and dissolved by the monarch several times since 1974; in november 1989. the first parliamentary elections in 22 years were held; political parties were not legalized until 1992; king abdallah delayed the 2001 elections until 2003 judicial branch: court of cassation; supreme court (court of final appeal) political parties and leaders: al-ajyal [muhammad khalayleh. secretary general]; al-umma (nation) party [ahmad al-hanandeh. secretary general]; arab land party [dr. ayishah salih hijazayn. secretary general]; ba'th arab progressive party [fu'ad dabbur. secretary general]; communist party [munir hamarinah. secretary general]; constitutional national party [ahmad al-shunnaq. secretary general; democratic arab islamic movement [yusuf abu bakr. president]; green party [muhammad batayneh. secretary general]; islamic action front [hazma mansour. secretary general]; islamic al-walsat party [marwan al-fauri]. secretary general; jordanian democratic left party [musa ma'ayteh. secretary general]; jordanian democratic popular unity party [sa'id dhiyab ali mustafa. secretary general]; jordanian people's democratic (hashd) party [ahmad yusuf. secretary general]; jordanian progressive party [fawwaz al-zubi. secretary general]; labor party [dr. mazin sulayman jiryis hanna. secretary general]; muslim centrist party [leader na]; national action (haqq) party [tariq al-kayyali. secretary general]; national constitutional party [abdul hadi majali. secretary general]; national movement for direct democracy [mahmud al-nuwayhi. secretary general]; pan-arab (democratic) movement [mahmud al-nuwayhi. secretary general]; (arab) socialist ba'th party [taysir al-himsi. secretary general] political pressure groups and leaders: anti-normalization committee [ali abu sukkar. president vice chairman]; jordanian bar association [saleh armouti. president]; jordanian press association [sayf al-sharif. president]; muslim brotherhood [abd-al-majid dhunaybat. secretary general] international organization participation: abeda. afesd. amf. caeu. fao. g-77. iaea. ibrd. icao. icc. icct. icftu. icrm. ida. idb. ifad. ifc. ifrcs. ilo. imf. imo. interpol. ioc. iom. iso. itu. las. miga. minustah. monuc. nam. oic. onub. opcw. osce (partner). pca. un. unamsil. unctad. unesco. unido. unmee. unmil. unmis. unoci. unomig. unrwa. upu. wco. wftu. who. wipo. wmo. wtoo. wto diplomatic representation in the us: chief of mission: ambassador karim tawfiq kawar chancery: 3504 international drive nw. washington. dc 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 966-2664 fax: [1] (202) 966-3110 diplomatic representation from the us: chief of mission: ambassador david m. hale embassy: abdoun. amman mailing address: p. o. box 354. amman 11118 jordan; unit 70200. box 5. apo ae 09892-0200 telephone: [962] (6) 590-6000 fax: [962] (6) 592-0121 flag description: three equal horizontal bands of black (top). representing the abbassid caliphate. white. representing the ummayyad caliphate. and green. representing the fatimid caliphate; a red isosceles triangle on the hoist side. representing the great arab revolt of 1916. and bearing a small white seven-pointed star symbolizing the seven verses of the opening sura (al-fatiha) of the holy koran; the seven points on the star represent faith in one god. humanity. national spirit. humility. social justice. virtue. and aspirations; design is based on the arab revolt flag of world war i economy - overview: jordan is a small arab country with inadequate supplies of water and other natural resources such as oil. debt. poverty. and unemployment are fundamental problems. but king abdallah. since assuming the throne in 1999. has undertaken some broad economic reforms in a long-term effort to improve living standards. amman in the past three years has worked closely with the imf. practiced careful monetary policy. and made substantial headway with privatization. the government also has liberalized the trade regime sufficiently to secure jordan's membership in the wto (2000). a free trade accord with the us (2001). and an association agreement with the eu (2001). these measures have helped improve productivity and have put jordan on the foreign investment map. jordan imported most of its oil from iraq. but the us-led war in iraq in 2003 made jordan more dependent on oil from other gulf nations forcing the jordanian government to raise retail petroleum product prices and the sales tax base. jordan's export market. which is heavily dependent on exports to iraq. was also affected by the war but recovered quickly while contributing to the iraq recovery effort. the main challenges facing jordan are reducing dependence on foreign grants. reducing the budget deficit. and creating investment incentives to promote job creation. gdp (purchasing power parity): $27.7 billion (2005 est.) gdp (official exchange rate): $11.86 billion (2005 est.) gdp - real growth rate: 5.5% (2005 est.) gdp - per capita: purchasing power parity - $4.800 (2005 est.) gdp - composition by sector: agriculture: 3.5% industry: 29.9% services: 66.7% (2005 est.) labor force: 1.46 million (2005 est.) labor force - by occupation: agriculture 5%. industry 12.5%. services 82.5% (2001 est.) unemployment rate: 15% official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30% (2004 est.) population below poverty line: 30% (2001 est.) household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.3% highest 10%: 29.8% (1997) distribution of family income - gini index: 36.4 (1997) inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.9% (2005 est.) investment (gross fixed): 20.9% of gdp (2005 est.) budget: revenues: $3.68 billion expenditures: $4.688 billion. including capital expenditures of $782 million (2005 est.) public debt: 77.7% of gdp (2005 est.) agriculture - products: wheat. barley. citrus. tomatoes. melons. olives; sheep. goats. poultry industries: phosphate mining. pharmaceuticals. petroleum refining. cement. potash. inorganic chemicals. light manufacturing. tourism industrial production growth rate: 7.5% (2005 est.) electricity - production: 7.517 billion kwh (2003) electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 99.4% hydro: 0.6% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) electricity - consumption: 7.959 billion kwh (2003) electricity - exports: 4 million kwh (2003) electricity - imports: 972 million kwh (2003) oil - production: 40 bbl/day (2004 est.) oil - consumption: 103.000 bbl/day (2004 est.) oil - exports: 0 bbl/day (2004 est.) oil - imports: 100.000 bbl/day (2004 est.) oil - proved reserves: 445.000 bbl (1 january 2002) natural gas - production: 290 million cu m (2001 est.) natural gas - consumption: 290 million cu m (2001 est.) natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2001 est.) natural gas - imports: 0 cu m (2001 est.) natural gas - proved reserves: 3.256 billion cu m (1 january 2002) current account balance: $-1.08 billion (2005 est.) exports: $4.226 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) exports - partners: us 28.9%. iraq 17.6%. india 7.1%. saudi arabia 5.6% (2004) imports: $8.681 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) imports - partners: saudi arabia 19.8%. china 8.4%. germany 6.8%. us 6.8% (2004) reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $5.509 billion (2005 est.) debt - external: $8.459 billion (2005 est.) economic aid - recipient: oda. $500 million (2004 est.) currency (code): jordanian dinar (jod) currency code: jod exchange rates: jordanian dinars per us dollar - 0.71 (2005). 0.709 (2004). 0.709 (2003). 0.709 (2002). 0.709 (2001) fiscal year: calendar year telephones - main lines in use: 622.600 (2003) telephones - mobile cellular: 1.325.300 (2003) telephone system: general assessment: service has improved recently with increased use of digital switching equipment. but better access to the telephone system is needed in the rural areas and easier access to pay telephones is needed by the urban public domestic: microwave radio relay transmission and coaxial and fiber-optic cable are employed on trunk lines; considerable use of mobile cellular systems; internet service is available international: country code - 962; satellite earth stations - 3 intelsat. 1 arabsat. and 29 land and maritime inmarsat terminals; fiber-optic cable to saudi arabia and microwave radio relay link with egypt and syria; connection to international submarine cable flag (fiber-optic link around the globe); participant in medarabtel; international links total about 4.000 radio broadcast stations: am 6. fm 5. shortwave 1 (1999) radios: 1.66 million (1997) television broadcast stations: 20 (plus 96 repeaters) (1995) televisions: 500.000 (1997) internet country code: .jo internet hosts: 3.160 (2004) internet service providers (isps): 5 (2000) internet users: 457.000 (2003) airports: 17 (2004 est.) airports - with paved runways: total: 15 over 3.047 m: 7 2.438 to 3.047 m: 6 914 to 1.523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2005 est.) airports - with unpaved runways: total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2005 est.) heliports: 1 (2005 est.) pipelines: gas 10 km; oil 743 km (2004) railways: total: 505 km narrow gauge: 505 km 1.050-m gauge (2004) roadways: total: 7.364 km paved: 7.364 km (2003) merchant marine: total: 20 ships (1.000 grt or over) 78.814 grt/92.695 dwt by type: bulk carrier 2. cargo 7. container 2. passenger/cargo 5. roll on/roll off 4 foreign-owned: 12 (greece 3. uae 9) registered in other countries: 14 (2005) ports and terminals: al 'aqabah military branches: jordanian armed forces (jaf): royal jordanian land force. royal jordanian navy. royal jordanian air force. and special operations command (socom); note - public security directorate normally falls under ministry of interior but comes under jaf in wartime or crisis situations military service age and obligation: 17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription at age 18 was suspended in 1999. although all males under age 37 are required to register (2004) manpower available for military service: males age 17-49: 1.573.995 (2005 est.) manpower fit for military service: males age 17-49: 1.348.076 (2005 est.) manpower reaching military service age annually: males: 60.625 (2005 est.) military expenditures - dollar figure: $1.46 billion (2004) military expenditures - percent of gdp: 14.6% (2004) disputes - international: 2004 agreement settles border dispute with syria pending demarcation refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 1.740.170 (palestinian refugees (unrwa)) idps: 800.000 (1967 arab-israeli war) (2004)
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