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location:
southern europe. a peninsula extending into the central mediterranean sea. northeast of tunisia
geographic coordinates:
42 50 n. 12 50 e
map references:
europe
area:
total: 301.230 sq km land: 294.020 sq km water: 7.210 sq km note: includes sardinia and sicily
area - comparative:
slightly larger than arizona
land boundaries:
total: 1.932.2 km border countries: austria 430 km. france 488 km. holy see (vatican city) 3.2 km. san marino 39 km. slovenia 232 km. switzerland 740 km
coastline:
7.600 km
maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
climate:
predominantly mediterranean; alpine in far north; hot. dry in south
terrain:
mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains. coastal lowlands
elevation extremes:
lowest point: mediterranean sea 0 m highest point: mont blanc (monte bianco) de courmayeur 4.748 m (a secondary peak of mont blanc)
natural resources:
coal. mercury. zinc. potash. marble. barite. asbestos. pumice. fluorospar. feldspar. pyrite (sulfur). natural gas and crude oil reserves. fish. arable land
land use:
arable land: 27.79% permanent crops: 9.53% other: 62.68% (2001)
irrigated land:
26.980 sq km (1998 est.)
natural hazards:
regional risks include landslides. mudflows. avalanches. earthquakes. volcanic eruptions. flooding; land subsidence in venice
environment - current issues:
air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities
environment - international agreements:
party to: air pollution. air pollution-nitrogen oxides. air pollution-sulfur 85. air pollution-sulfur 94. air pollution-volatile organic compounds. antarctic-environmental protocol. antarctic-marine living resources. antarctic seals. antarctic treaty. biodiversity. climate change. climate change-kyoto protocol. desertification. endangered species. environmental modification. hazardous wastes. law of the sea. marine dumping. ozone layer protection. ship pollution. tropical timber 83. tropical timber 94. wetlands. whaling signed. but not ratified: air pollution-persistent organic pollutants
geography - note:
strategic location dominating central mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to western europe
population:
58.103.033 (july 2005 est.)
age structure:
0-14 years: 13.9% (male 4.166.213/female 3.919.288) 15-64 years: 66.7% (male 19.554.416/female 19.174.629) 65 years and over: 19.4% (male 4.698.441/female 6.590.046) (2005 est.)
median age:
total: 41.77 years male: 40.24 years female: 43.35 years (2005 est.)
population growth rate:
0.07% (2005 est.)
birth rate:
8.89 births/1.000 population (2005 est.)
death rate:
10.3 deaths/1.000 population (2005 est.)
net migration rate:
2.07 migrant(s)/1.000 population (2005 est.)
sex ratio:
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
infant mortality rate:
total: 5.94 deaths/1.000 live births male: 6.55 deaths/1.000 live births female: 5.29 deaths/1.000 live births (2005 est.)
life expectancy at birth:
total population: 79.68 years male: 76.75 years female: 82.81 years (2005 est.)
total fertility rate:
1.28 children born/woman (2005 est.)
hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate:
0.5% (2001 est.)
hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids:
140.000 (2001 est.)
hiv/aids - deaths:
less than 1.000 (2003 est.)
nationality:
noun: italian(s) adjective: italian
ethnic groups:
italian (includes small clusters of german-. french-. and slovene-italians in the north and albanian-italians and greek-italians in the south)
religions:
predominately roman catholic with mature protestant and jewish communities and a growing muslim immigrant community
languages:
italian (official). german (parts of trentino-alto adige region are predominantly german speaking). french (small french-speaking minority in valle d'aosta region). slovene (slovene-speaking minority in the trieste-gorizia area)
literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.6% male: 99% female: 98.3% (2003 est.)
country name:
conventional long form: italian republic conventional short form: italy local long form: repubblica italiana local short form: italia former: kingdom of italy
government type:
republic
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