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administrative divisions:
19 counties (megyek. singular - megye). 20 urban counties (singular - megyei varos). and 1 capital city (fovaros) : counties: bacs-kiskun. baranya. bekes. borsod-abauj-zemplen. csongrad. fejer. gyor-moson-sopron. hajdu-bihar. heves. jasz-nagykun-szolnok. komarom-esztergom. nograd. pest. somogy. szabolcs-szatmar-bereg. tolna. vas. veszprem. zala : urban counties: bekescsaba. debrecen. dunaujvaros. eger. gyor. hodmezovasarhely. kaposvar. kecskemet. miskolc. nagykanizsa. nyiregyhaza. pecs. sopron. szeged. szekesfehervar. szolnok. szombathely. tatabanya. veszprem. zalaegerszeg : capital city: budapest independence: 1001 (unification by king stephen i) national holiday: saint stephen's day. 20 august constitution: 18 august 1949. effective 20 august 1949; revised 19 april 1972; 18 october 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system legal system: rule of law based on western model suffrage: 18 years of age; universal executive branch: chief of state: laszlo solyom (since 5 august 2005) head of government: prime minister ferenc gyurcsany (since 29 september 2004) cabinet: council of ministers elected by the national assembly on the recommendation of the president elections: president elected by the national assembly for a five-year term; election last held 6-7 june 2005 (next to be held by june 2010); prime minister elected by the national assembly on the recommendation of the president; election last held 29 september 2004 election results: laszlo solyom elected president by a simple majority in the third round of voting. 185 to 182; ferenc gyurcsany elected prime minister; result of legislative vote - 197 to 12 note: to be elected. the president must win two-thirds of legislative vote in the first two rounds or a simple majority in the third round legislative branch: unicameral national assembly or orszaggyules (386 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 7 and 21 april 2002 (next to be held na april 2006) election results: percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - fidesz/mdf 48.70%. mszp 46.11%. szdsz 4.92%. other 0.27%; seats by party - fidesz 164. mszp 178. mdf 24. szdsz 20 judicial branch: constitutional court (judges are elected by the national assembly for nine-year terms) political parties and leaders: alliance of free democrats or szdsz [gabor kuncze]; hungarian civic alliance or fidesz [viktor orban. chairman]; hungarian democratic forum or mdf [ibolya david]; hungarian democratic people's party or mdnp [erzsebet pusztai. chairman]; hungarian socialist party or mszp [istvan hiller. chairman]; hungarian workers' party or mmp [gyula thurmer. chairman] political pressure groups and leaders: na international organization participation: acct (observer). australia group. bis. ce. cei. cern. eapc. ebrd. eib. esa (cooperating state). eu (new member). fao. g- 9. iaea. ibrd. icao. icc. icct. icftu. icrm. ida. iea. ifc. ifrcs. ilo. imf. imo. interpol. ioc. iom. iso. itu. miga. minurso. nam (guest). nato. nea. nsg. oas (observer). oecd. opcw. osce. pca. un. unctad. unesco. unficyp. unhcr. unido. unomig. upu. wcl. wco. weu (associate). wftu. who. wipo. wmo. wtoo. wto. zc diplomatic representation in the us: chief of mission: ambassador andras simonyi chancery: 3910 shoemaker street nw. washington. dc 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 362-6730 fax: [1] (202) 966-8135 consulate(s) general: los angeles and new york diplomatic representation from the us: chief of mission: ambassador george herbert walker embassy: szabadsag ter 12. h-1054 budapest mailing address: pouch: american embassy budapest. 5270 budapest place. department of state. washington. dc 20521-5270 telephone: [36] (1) 475-4400 fax: [36] (1) 475-4764 flag description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top). white. and green economy - overview: hungary has made the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. with a per capita income one-half that of the big four european nations. hungary continues to demonstrate strong economic growth and acceded to the european union in may 2004. the private sector accounts for over 80% of gdp. foreign ownership of and investment in hungarian firms are widespread. with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling more than $23 billion since 1989. hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded in 2000 and together with the czech republic holds the highest rating among the central european transition economies; however. ratings agencies have expressed concerns over hungary's unsustainable budget and current account deficits. inflation has declined from 14% in 1998 to 3.7% in 2005. unemployment has persisted around the 6% level. but hungary's labor force participation rate of 57% is one of the lowest in the oecd. germany is by far hungary's largest economic partner. policy challenges include cutting the public sector deficit to 3% of gdp by 2008. from about 6.5% in 2005. and orchestrating an orderly interest rate reduction without sparking capital outflows. gdp (purchasing power parity): $159 billion (2005 est.) gdp (official exchange rate): $106.9 billion (2005 est.) gdp - real growth rate: 3.7% (2005 est.) gdp - per capita: purchasing power parity - $15.900 (2005 est.) gdp - composition by sector: agriculture: 3.9% industry: 30.9% services: 65.3% (2005 est.) labor force: 4.18 million (2005 est.) labor force - by occupation: agriculture 6.2%. industry 27.1%. services 66.7% (2002) unemployment rate: 7.1% (2005 est.) population below poverty line: 8.6% (1993 est.) household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 4.1% highest 10%: 20.5% (1998) distribution of family income - gini index: 24.4 (1999) inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.7% (2005 est.) investment (gross fixed): 23.1% of gdp (2005 est.) budget: revenues: $51.4 billion expenditures: $58.34 billion. including capital expenditures of na (2005 est.) public debt: 60.9% of gdp (2005 est.) agriculture - products: wheat. corn. sunflower seed. potatoes. sugar beets; pigs. cattle. poultry. dairy products industries: mining. metallurgy. construction materials. processed foods. textiles. chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals). motor vehicles industrial production growth rate: 7.5% (2005 est.) electricity - production: 32.21 billion kwh (2003) electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 60.1% hydro: 0.5% nuclear: 39% other: 0.3% (2001) electricity - consumption: 36.96 billion kwh (2003) electricity - exports: 7.1 billion kwh (2003) electricity - imports: 14.1 billion kwh (2003) oil - production: 43.920 bbl/day (2003 est.) oil - consumption: 134.100 bbl/day (2003 est.) oil - exports: 47.180 bbl/day (2001) oil - imports: 136.600 bbl/day (2001) oil - proved reserves: 110.7 million bbl (1 january 2002) natural gas - production: 3.231 billion cu m (2001 est.) natural gas - consumption: 13.37 billion cu m (2001 est.) natural gas - exports: 4 million cu m (2001 est.) natural gas - imports: 9.587 billion cu m (2001 est.) natural gas - proved reserves: 50.45 billion cu m (1 january 2002) current account balance: $-8.667 billion (2005 est.) exports: $61.75 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) exports - partners: germany 31.4%. austria 6.8%. france 5.7%. italy 5.6%. uk 5.1% (2004) imports: $64.83 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) imports - partners: germany 29.2%. austria 8.3%. russia 5.7%. italy 5.5%. netherlands 4.9%. china 4.8%. france 4.7% (2004) reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $18.49 billion (2005 est.) debt - external: $76.23 billion (30 june 2005 est.) economic aid - recipient: $4.2 billion in available eu structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004-06) currency (code): forint (huf) currency code: huf exchange rates: forints per us dollar - 196.83 (2005). 202.75 (2004). 224.31 (2003). 257.89 (2002). 286.49 (2001) fiscal year: calendar year telephones - main lines in use: 3.666.400 (2002) telephones - mobile cellular: 6.862.800 (2002) telephone system: general assessment: the telephone system has been modernized and is capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service domestic: the system is digitalized and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996; heavy use is made of mobile cellular telephones international: country code - 36; hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 intelsat (atlantic ocean and indian ocean regions). 1 inmarsat. 1 very small aperture terminal (vsat) system of ground terminals radio broadcast stations: am 17. fm 57. shortwave 3 (1998) radios: 7.01 million (1997) television broadcast stations: 35 (plus 161 low-power repeaters) (1995) televisions: 4.42 million (1997) internet country code: .hu internet hosts: 383.071 (2004) internet service providers (isps): 16 (2000) internet users: 1.6 million (2002) airports: 44 (2004 est.) airports - with paved runways: total: 19 over 3.047 m: 2 2.438 to 3.047 m: 8 1.524 to 2.437 m: 4 914 to 1.523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2005 est.) airports - with unpaved runways: total: 25 2.438 to 3.047 m: 2 1.524 to 2.437 m: 3 914 to 1.523 m: 11 under 914 m: 9 (2005 est.) heliports: 5 (2005 est.) pipelines: gas 4.397 km; oil 990 km; refined products 335 km (2004) railways: total: 7.937 km broad gauge: 36 km 1.524-m gauge standard gauge: 7.682 km 1.435-m gauge (2.628 km electrified) narrow gauge: 219 km 0.760-m gauge (2004) roadways: total: 159.568 km paved: 70.050 km (including 527 km of expressways) unpaved: 89.518 km (2002) waterways: 1.622 km (most on danube river) (2004) ports and terminals: budapest. dunaujvaros. gyor-gonyu. csepel. baja. mohacs (2003) military branches: ground forces. air forces military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in june 2004 (june 2004) manpower available for military service: males age 18-49: 2.303.116 (2005 est.) manpower fit for military service: males age 18-49: 1.780.513 (2005 est.) manpower reaching military service age annually: males: 63.847 (2005 est.) military expenditures - dollar figure: $1.08 billion (2002 est.) military expenditures - percent of gdp: 1.75% (2002 est.) disputes - international: in 2004. hungary amended the status law extending special social and cultural benefits and voted down a referendum to extend dual citizenship to ethnic hungarians living in neighboring states. which have objected to such measures; consultations continue between slovakia and hungary over hungary's completion of its portion the gabcikovo-nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the danube; as a member state that forms part of the eu's external border. hungary must implement the strict schengen border rules illicit drugs: transshipment point for southwest asian heroin and cannabis and for south american cocaine destined for western europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals. particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine; improving. but remains vulnerable to money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking
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