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location:
western africa. bordering the gulf of guinea. between cote d'ivoire and togo
geographic coordinates:
8 00 n. 2 00 w
map references:
africa
area:
total: 239.460 sq km land: 230.940 sq km water: 8.520 sq km
area - comparative:
slightly smaller than oregon
land boundaries:
total: 2.094 km border countries: burkina faso 549 km. cote d'ivoire 668 km. togo 877 km
coastline:
539 km
maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
climate:
tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north
terrain:
mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area
elevation extremes:
lowest point: atlantic ocean 0 m highest point: mount afadjato 880 m
natural resources:
gold. timber. industrial diamonds. bauxite. manganese. fish. rubber. hydropower. petroleum. silver. salt. limestone
land use:
arable land: 16.26% permanent crops: 9.67% other: 74.07% (2001)
irrigated land:
110 sq km (1998 est.)
natural hazards:
dry. dusty. northeastern harmattan winds occur from january to march; droughts
environment - current issues:
recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water
environment - international agreements:
party to: biodiversity. climate change. climate change-kyoto protocol. desertification. endangered species. environmental modification. hazardous wastes. law of the sea. ozone layer protection. ship pollution. tropical timber 83. tropical timber 94. wetlands signed. but not ratified: marine life conservation
geography - note:
lake volta is the world's largest artificial lake
population:
21.029.853 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to aids; this can result in lower life expectancy. higher infant mortality and death rates. lower population and growth rates. and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (july 2005 est.)
age structure:
0-14 years: 37.1% (male 3.946.326/female 3.862.390) 15-64 years: 59.1% (male 6.203.035/female 6.235.107) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 366.472/female 416.523) (2005 est.)
median age:
total: 20.45 years male: 20.2 years female: 20.7 years (2005 est.)
population growth rate:
1.25% (2005 est.)
birth rate:
23.97 births/1.000 population (2005 est.)
death rate:
10.84 deaths/1.000 population (2005 est.)
net migration rate:
-0.59 migrant(s)/1.000 population (2005 est.)
sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
infant mortality rate:
total: 51.43 deaths/1.000 live births male: 54.25 deaths/1.000 live births female: 48.53 deaths/1.000 live births (2005 est.)
life expectancy at birth:
total population: 58.47 years male: 57.7 years female: 59.26 years (2005 est.)
total fertility rate:
3.02 children born/woman (2005 est.)
hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate:
3.1% (2003 est.)
hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids:
350.000 (2003 est.)
hiv/aids - deaths:
30.000 (2003 est.)
major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea. hepatitis a. and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
nationality:
noun: ghanaian(s) adjective: ghanaian
ethnic groups:
black african 98.5% (major tribes - akan 44%. moshi-dagomba 16%. ewe 13%. ga 8%. gurma 3%. yoruba 1%). european and other 1.5% (1998)
religions:
christian 63%. muslim 16%. indigenous beliefs 21%
languages:
english (official). african languages (including akan. moshi-dagomba. ewe. and ga)
literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74.8% male: 82.7% female: 67.1% (2003 est.)
country name:
conventional long form: republic of ghana conventional short form: ghana former: gold coast
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