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location:
central europe. bordering the baltic sea and the north sea. between the netherlands and poland. south of denmark
geographic coordinates:
51 00 n. 9 00 e
map references:
europe
area:
total: 357.021 sq km land: 349.223 sq km water: 7.798 sq km
area - comparative:
slightly smaller than montana
land boundaries:
total: 3.621 km border countries: austria 784 km. belgium 167 km. czech republic 646 km. denmark 68 km. france 451 km. luxembourg 138 km. netherlands 577 km. poland 456 km. switzerland 334 km
coastline:
2.389 km
maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
climate:
temperate and marine; cool. cloudy. wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
terrain:
lowlands in north. uplands in center. bavarian alps in south
elevation extremes:
lowest point: neuendorf bei wilster -3.54 m highest point: zugspitze 2.963 m
natural resources:
coal. lignite. natural gas. iron ore. copper. nickel. uranium. potash. salt. construction materials. timber. arable land
land use:
arable land: 33.85% permanent crops: 0.59% other: 65.56% (2001)
irrigated land:
4.850 sq km (1998 est.)
natural hazards:
flooding
environment - current issues:
emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries contribute to air pollution; acid rain. resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions. is damaging forests; pollution in the baltic sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern germany; hazardous waste disposal; government established a mechanism for ending the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; government working to meet eu commitment to identify nature preservation areas in line with the eu's flora. fauna. and habitat directive
environment - international agreements:
party to: air pollution. air pollution-nitrogen oxides. air pollution-persistent organic pollutants. air pollution-sulfur 85. air pollution-sulfur 94. air pollution-volatile organic compounds. antarctic-environmental protocol. antarctic-marine living resources. antarctic seals. antarctic treaty. biodiversity. climate change. climate change-kyoto protocol. desertification. endangered species. environmental modification. hazardous wastes. law of the sea. marine dumping. ozone layer protection. ship pollution. tropical timber 83. tropical timber 94. wetlands. whaling signed. but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
geography - note:
strategic location on north european plain and along the entrance to the baltic sea
population:
82.431.390 (july 2005 est.)
age structure:
0-14 years: 14.4% (male 6.078.885/female 5.766.065) 15-64 years: 66.7% (male 28.006.268/female 27.003.958) 65 years and over: 18.9% (male 6.359.776/female 9.216.438) (2005 est.)
median age:
total: 42.16 years male: 40.88 years female: 43.53 years (2005 est.)
population growth rate:
0% (2005 est.)
birth rate:
8.33 births/1.000 population (2005 est.)
death rate:
10.55 deaths/1.000 population (2005 est.)
net migration rate:
2.18 migrant(s)/1.000 population (2005 est.)
sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
infant mortality rate:
total: 4.16 deaths/1.000 live births male: 4.61 deaths/1.000 live births female: 3.69 deaths/1.000 live births (2005 est.)
life expectancy at birth:
total population: 78.65 years male: 75.66 years female: 81.81 years (2005 est.)
total fertility rate:
1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)
hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate:
0.1% (2001 est.)
hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids:
43.000 (2001 est.)
hiv/aids - deaths:
less than 1.000 (2003 est.)
nationality:
noun: german(s) adjective: german
ethnic groups:
german 91.5%. turkish 2.4%. other 6.1% (made up largely of greek. italian. polish. russian. serbo-croatian. spanish)
religions:
protestant 34%. roman catholic 34%. muslim 3.7%. unaffiliated or other 28.3%
languages:
german
literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (1997 est.) male: na% female: na%
country name:
conventional long form: federal republic of germany conventional short form: germany local long form: bundesrepublik deutschland local short form: deutschland former: german empire. german republic. german reich
government type:
federal republic
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