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location:
eastern africa. west of somalia
geographic coordinates:
8 00 n. 38 00 e
map references:
africa
area:
total: 1.127.127 sq km land: 1.119.683 sq km water: 7.444 sq km
area - comparative:
slightly less than twice the size of texas
land boundaries:
total: 5.328 km border countries: djibouti 349 km. eritrea 912 km. kenya 861 km. somalia 1.600 km. sudan 1.606 km
coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
maritime claims:
none (landlocked)
climate:
tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation
terrain:
high plateau with central mountain range divided by great rift valley
elevation extremes:
lowest point: denakil depression -125 m highest point: ras dejen 4.620 m
natural resources:
small reserves of gold. platinum. copper. potash. natural gas. hydropower
land use:
arable land: 10.71% permanent crops: 0.75% other: 88.54% (2001)
irrigated land:
1.900 sq km (1998 est.)
natural hazards:
geologically active great rift valley susceptible to earthquakes. volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts
environment - current issues:
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management
environment - international agreements:
party to: biodiversity. climate change. desertification. endangered species. hazardous wastes. ozone layer protection signed. but not ratified: environmental modification. law of the sea
geography - note:
landlocked - entire coastline along the red sea was lost with the de jure independence of eritrea on 24 may 1993; the blue nile. the chief headstream of the nile by water volume. rises in t'ana hayk (lake tana) in northwest ethiopia; three major crops are believed to have originated in ethiopia: coffee. grain sorghum. and castor bean
population:
73.053.286 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to aids; this can result in lower life expectancy. higher infant mortality and death rates. lower population and growth rates. and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (july 2005 est.)
age structure:
0-14 years: 43.9% (male 16.082.504/female 15.999.602) 15-64 years: 53.4% (male 19.452.737/female 19.525.746) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 905.648/female 1.087.049) (2005 est.)
median age:
total: 17.75 years male: 17.64 years female: 17.85 years (2005 est.)
population growth rate:
2.36% (2005 est.)
birth rate:
38.61 births/1.000 population (2005 est.)
death rate:
15.06 deaths/1.000 population (2005 est.)
net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1.000 population note: repatriation of ethiopians who fled to sudan for refuge from war and famine in earlier years is expected to continue for several years; some sudanese and somali refugees. who fled to ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries. continue to return to their homes (2005 est.)
sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
infant mortality rate:
total: 95.32 deaths/1.000 live births male: 105.3 deaths/1.000 live births female: 85.05 deaths/1.000 live births (2005 est.)
life expectancy at birth:
total population: 48.83 years male: 47.67 years female: 50.03 years (2005 est.)
total fertility rate:
5.33 children born/woman (2005 est.)
hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate:
4.4% (2003 est.)
hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids:
1.5 million (2003 est.)
hiv/aids - deaths:
120.000 (2003 est.)
major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea. hepatitis a. typhoid fever. and hepatitis e vectorborne diseases: malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis are high risks in some locations respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2004)
nationality:
noun: ethiopian(s) adjective: ethiopian
ethnic groups:
oromo 40%. amhara and tigre 32%. sidamo 9%. shankella 6%. somali 6%. afar 4%. gurage 2%. other 1%
religions:
muslim 45%-50%. ethiopian orthodox 35%-40%. animist 12%. other 3%-8%
languages:
amharic. tigrinya. oromigna. guaragigna. somali. arabic. other local languages. english (major foreign language taught in schools)
literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 42.7% male: 50.3% female: 35.1% (2003 est.)
country name:
conventional long form: federal democratic republic of ethiopia conventional short form: ethiopia local long form: ityop'iya federalawi demokrasiyawi ripeblik local short form: ityop'iya former: abyssinia. italian east africa abbreviation: fdre
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