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location:
eastern europe. bordering the baltic sea and gulf of finland. between latvia and russia
geographic coordinates:
59 00 n. 26 00 e
map references:
europe
area:
total: 45.226 sq km land: 43.211 sq km water: 2.015 sq km note: includes 1.520 islands in the baltic sea
area - comparative:
slightly smaller than new hampshire and vermont combined
land boundaries:
total: 633 km border countries: latvia 339 km. russia 294 km
coastline:
3.794 km
maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: limits fixed in coordination with neighboring states
climate:
maritime. wet. moderate winters. cool summers
terrain:
marshy. lowlands; flat in the north. hilly in the south
elevation extremes:
lowest point: baltic sea 0 m highest point: suur munamagi 318 m
natural resources:
oil shale. peat. phosphorite. clay. limestone. sand. dolomite. arable land. sea mud
land use:
arable land: 16.04% permanent crops: 0.45% other: 83.51% (2001)
irrigated land:
40 sq km (1998 est.)
natural hazards:
sometimes flooding occurs in the spring
environment - current issues:
air polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; however. the amount of pollutants emitted to the air have fallen steadily. the emissions of 2000 were 80% less than in 1980; the amount of unpurified wastewater discharged to water bodies in 2000 was one twentieth the level of 1980; in connection with the start-up of new water purification plants. the pollution load of wastewater decreased; estonia has more than 1.400 natural and manmade lakes. the smaller of which in agricultural areas need to be monitored; coastal seawater is polluted in certain locations
environment - international agreements:
party to: air pollution. air pollution-nitrogen oxides. air pollution-sulfur 85. air pollution-volatile organic compounds. antarctic treaty. biodiversity. climate change. climate change-kyoto protocol. endangered species. hazardous wastes. ship pollution. ozone layer protection. wetlands signed. but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
geography - note:
the mainland terrain is flat. boggy. and partly wooded; offshore lie more than 1.500 islands
population:
1.332.893 (july 2005 est.)
age structure:
0-14 years: 15.5% (male 106.300/female 100.446) 15-64 years: 67.7% (male 429.843/female 472.034) 65 years and over: 16.8% (male 74.037/female 150.233) (2005 est.)
median age:
total: 39.06 years male: 35.52 years female: 42.35 years (2005 est.)
population growth rate:
-0.65% (2005 est.)
birth rate:
9.91 births/1.000 population (2005 est.)
death rate:
13.21 deaths/1.000 population (2005 est.)
net migration rate:
-3.18 migrant(s)/1.000 population (2005 est.)
sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.49 male(s)/female total population: 0.84 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
infant mortality rate:
total: 7.87 deaths/1.000 live births male: 9.06 deaths/1.000 live births female: 6.6 deaths/1.000 live births (2005 est.)
life expectancy at birth:
total population: 71.77 years male: 66.28 years female: 77.6 years (2005 est.)
total fertility rate:
1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)
hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate:
1.1% (2001 est.)
hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids:
7.800 (2003 est.)
hiv/aids - deaths:
less than 200 (2003 est.)
nationality:
noun: estonian(s) adjective: estonian
ethnic groups:
estonian 67.9%. russian 25.6%. ukrainian 2.1%. belarusian 1.3%. finn 0.9%. other 2.2% (2000 census)
religions:
evangelical lutheran 13.6%. orthodox 12.8%. other christian (including methodist. seventh-day adventist. roman catholic. pentecostal) 1.4%. unaffiliated 34.1%. other and unspecified 32%. none 6.1% (2000 census)
languages:
estonian (official) 67.3%. russian 29.7%. other 2.3%. unknown 0.7% (2000 census)
literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.8% male: 99.8% female: 99.8% (2003 est.)
country name:
conventional long form: republic of estonia conventional short form: estonia local long form: eesti vabariik local short form: eesti former: estonian soviet socialist republic
government type:
parliamentary republic
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