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location:
eastern africa. bordering the red sea. between djibouti and sudan
geographic coordinates:
15 00 n. 39 00 e
map references:
africa
area:
total: 121.320 sq km land: 121.320 sq km water: 0 sq km
area - comparative:
slightly larger than pennsylvania
land boundaries:
total: 1.626 km border countries: djibouti 109 km. ethiopia 912 km. sudan 605 km
coastline:
2.234 km total; mainland on red sea 1.151 km. islands in red sea 1.083 km
maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
climate:
hot. dry desert strip along red sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually); semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during june-september except in coastal desert
terrain:
dominated by extension of ethiopian north-south trending highlands. descending on the east to a coastal desert plain. on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains
elevation extremes:
lowest point: near kulul within the denakil depression -75 m highest point: soira 3.018 m
natural resources:
gold. potash. zinc. copper. salt. possibly oil and natural gas. fish
land use:
arable land: 4.95% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 95.02% (2001)
irrigated land:
220 sq km (1998 est.)
natural hazards:
frequent droughts; locust swarms
environment - current issues:
deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare
environment - international agreements:
party to: biodiversity. climate change. desertification. endangered species signed. but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
geography - note:
strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; eritrea retained the entire coastline of ethiopia along the red sea upon de jure independence from ethiopia on 24 may 1993
population:
4.561.599 (july 2005 est.)
age structure:
0-14 years: 44.8% (male 1.023.898/female 1.019.389) 15-64 years: 51.9% (male 1.170.823/female 1.194.741) 65 years and over: 3.3% (male 74.312/female 78.436) (2005 est.)
median age:
total: 17.54 years male: 17.35 years female: 17.73 years (2005 est.)
population growth rate:
2.51% (2005 est.)
birth rate:
38.62 births/1.000 population (2005 est.)
death rate:
13.53 deaths/1.000 population (2005 est.)
net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1.000 population note: unhcr began repatriating about 150.000 eritrean refugees from sudan in 2001 following the restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 2000 (2005 est.)
sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
infant mortality rate:
total: 74.87 deaths/1.000 live births male: 82.28 deaths/1.000 live births female: 67.24 deaths/1.000 live births (2005 est.)
life expectancy at birth:
total population: 58.47 years male: 56.96 years female: 60.02 years (2005 est.)
total fertility rate:
5.61 children born/woman (2005 est.)
hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate:
2.7% (2003 est.)
hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids:
60.000 (2003 est.)
hiv/aids - deaths:
6.300 (2003 est.)
major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea. hepatitis a. and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria is a high risk in some locations (2004)
nationality:
noun: eritrean(s) adjective: eritrean
ethnic groups:
ethnic tigrinya 50%. tigre and kunama 40%. afar 4%. saho (red sea coast dwellers) 3%. other 3%
religions:
muslim. coptic christian. roman catholic. protestant
languages:
afar. arabic. tigre and kunama. tigrinya. other cushitic languages
literacy:
definition: na total population: 58.6% male: 69.9% female: 47.6% (2003 est.)
country name:
conventional long form: state of eritrea conventional short form: eritrea local long form: hagere ertra local short form: ertra former: eritrea autonomous region in ethiopia
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