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location:
northern africa. bordering the mediterranean sea. between libya and the gaza strip. and the red sea north of sudan. and includes the asian sinai peninsula
geographic coordinates:
27 00 n. 30 00 e
map references:
africa
area:
total: 1.001.450 sq km land: 995.450 sq km water: 6.000 sq km
area - comparative:
slightly more than three times the size of new mexico
land boundaries:
total: 2.665 km border countries: gaza strip 11 km. israel 266 km. libya 1.115 km. sudan 1.273 km
coastline:
2.450 km
maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
climate:
desert; hot. dry summers with moderate winters
terrain:
vast desert plateau interrupted by nile valley and delta
elevation extremes:
lowest point: qattara depression -133 m highest point: mount catherine 2.629 m
natural resources:
petroleum. natural gas. iron ore. phosphates. manganese. limestone. gypsum. talc. asbestos. lead. zinc
land use:
arable land: 2.87% permanent crops: 0.48% other: 96.65% (2001)
irrigated land:
33.000 sq km (1998 est.)
natural hazards:
periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes. flash floods. landslides; hot. driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms. sandstorms
environment - current issues:
agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination below aswan high dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs. beaches. and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides. raw sewage. and industrial effluents; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the nile which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining the nile and natural resources
environment - international agreements:
party to: biodiversity. climate change. climate change-kyoto protocol. desertification. endangered species. environmental modification. hazardous wastes. law of the sea. marine dumping. ozone layer protection. ship pollution. tropical timber 83. tropical timber 94. wetlands signed. but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
geography - note:
controls sinai peninsula. only land bridge between africa and remainder of eastern hemisphere; controls suez canal. a sea link between indian ocean and mediterranean sea; size. and juxtaposition to israel. establish its major role in middle eastern geopolitics; dependence on upstream neighbors; dominance of nile basin issues; prone to influxes of refugees
population:
77.505.756 (july 2005 est.)
age structure:
0-14 years: 33% (male 13.106.043/female 12.483.899) 15-64 years: 62.6% (male 24.531.266/female 23.972.216) 65 years and over: 4.4% (male 1.457.097/female 1.955.235) (2005 est.)
median age:
total: 23.68 years male: 23.31 years female: 24.05 years (2005 est.)
population growth rate:
1.78% (2005 est.)
birth rate:
23.32 births/1.000 population (2005 est.)
death rate:
5.26 deaths/1.000 population (2005 est.)
net migration rate:
-0.22 migrant(s)/1.000 population (2005 est.)
sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
infant mortality rate:
total: 32.59 deaths/1.000 live births male: 33.31 deaths/1.000 live births female: 31.83 deaths/1.000 live births (2005 est.)
life expectancy at birth:
total population: 71 years male: 68.5 years female: 73.62 years (2005 est.)
total fertility rate:
2.88 children born/woman (2005 est.)
hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate:
less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids:
12.000 (2001 est.)
hiv/aids - deaths:
700 (2003 est.)
nationality:
noun: egyptian(s) adjective: egyptian
ethnic groups:
eastern hamitic stock (egyptians. bedouins. and berbers) 99%. greek. nubian. armenian. other european (primarily italian and french) 1%
religions:
muslim (mostly sunni) 94%. coptic christian and other 6%
languages:
arabic (official). english and french widely understood by educated classes
literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 57.7% male: 68.3% female: 46.9% (2003 est.)
country name:
conventional long form: arab republic of egypt conventional short form: egypt local long form: jumhuriyat misr al-arabiyah local short form: misr former: united arab republic (with syria)
government type:
republic
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