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location:
eastern asia. bordering the east china sea. korea bay. yellow sea. and south china sea. between north korea and vietnam
geographic coordinates:
35 00 n. 105 00 e
map references:
asia
area:
total: 9.596.960 sq km land: 9.326.410 sq km water: 270.550 sq km
area - comparative:
slightly smaller than the us
land boundaries:
total: 22.117 km border countries: afghanistan 76 km. bhutan 470 km. burma 2.185 km. india 3.380 km. kazakhstan 1.533 km. north korea 1.416 km. kyrgyzstan 858 km. laos 423 km. mongolia 4.677 km. nepal 1.236 km. pakistan 523 km. russia (northeast) 3.605 km. russia (northwest) 40 km. tajikistan 414 km. vietnam 1.281 km regional borders: hong kong 30 km. macau 0.34 km
coastline:
14.500 km
maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
climate:
extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north
terrain:
mostly mountains. high plateaus. deserts in west; plains. deltas. and hills in east
elevation extremes:
lowest point: turpan pendi -154 m highest point: mount everest 8.850 m
natural resources:
coal. iron ore. petroleum. natural gas. mercury. tin. tungsten. antimony. manganese. molybdenum. vanadium. magnetite. aluminum. lead. zinc. uranium. hydropower potential (world's largest)
land use:
arable land: 15.4% permanent crops: 1.25% other: 83.35% (2001)
irrigated land:
525.800 sq km (1998 est.)
natural hazards:
frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence
environment - current issues:
air pollution (greenhouse gases. sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; water shortages. particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species
environment - international agreements:
party to: antarctic-environmental protocol. antarctic treaty. biodiversity. climate change. climate change-kyoto protocol. desertification. endangered species. hazardous wastes. law of the sea. marine dumping. ozone layer protection. ship pollution. tropical timber 83. tropical timber 94. wetlands. whaling signed. but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
geography - note:
world's fourth largest country (after russia. canada. and us); mount everest on the border with nepal is the world's tallest peak
population:
1.306.313.812 (july 2005 est.)
age structure:
0-14 years: 21.4% (male 148.134.928/female 131.045.415) 15-64 years: 71% (male 477.182.072/female 450.664.933) 65 years and over: 7.6% (male 47.400.282/female 51.886.182) (2005 est.)
median age:
total: 32.26 years male: 31.87 years female: 32.67 years (2005 est.)
population growth rate:
0.58% (2005 est.)
birth rate:
13.14 births/1.000 population (2005 est.)
death rate:
6.94 deaths/1.000 population (2005 est.)
net migration rate:
-0.4 migrant(s)/1.000 population (2005 est.)
sex ratio:
at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
infant mortality rate:
total: 24.18 deaths/1.000 live births male: 21.21 deaths/1.000 live births female: 27.5 deaths/1.000 live births (2005 est.)
life expectancy at birth:
total population: 72.27 years male: 70.65 years female: 74.09 years (2005 est.)
total fertility rate:
1.72 children born/woman (2005 est.)
hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate:
0.1% (2003 est.)
hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids:
840.000 (2003 est.)
hiv/aids - deaths:
44.000 (2003 est.)
nationality:
noun: chinese (singular and plural) adjective: chinese
ethnic groups:
han chinese 91.9%. zhuang. uygur. hui. yi. tibetan. miao. manchu. mongol. buyi. korean. and other nationalities 8.1%
religions:
daoist (taoist). buddhist. muslim 1%-2%. christian 3%-4% note: officially atheist (2002 est.)
languages:
standard chinese or mandarin (putonghua. based on the beijing dialect). yue (cantonese). wu (shanghaiese). minbei (fuzhou). minnan (hokkien-taiwanese). xiang. gan. hakka dialects. minority languages (see ethnic groups entry)
literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90.9% male: 95.1% female: 86.5% (2002)
country name:
conventional long form: people's republic of china conventional short form: china local long form: zhonghua renmin gongheguo local short form: zhongguo abbreviation: prc
government type:
communist state
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