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government type:
republic capital: n'djamena administrative divisions: 14 prefectures (prefectures. singular - prefecture); batha. biltine. borkou-ennedi-tibesti. chari-baguirmi. guera. kanem. lac. logone occidental. logone oriental. mayo-kebbi. moyen-chari. ouaddai. salamat. tandjile note: instead of 14 prefectures. there may be a new administrative structure of 28 departments (departments. singular - department). and 1 city*; assongha. baguirmi. bahr el gazal. bahr koh. batha oriental. batha occidental. biltine. borkou. dababa. ennedi. guera. hadjer lamis. kabia. kanem. lac. lac iro. logone occidental. logone oriental. mandoul. mayo-boneye. mayo-dallah. monts de lam. n'djamena*. ouaddai. salamat. sila. tandjile oriental. tandjile occidental. tibesti independence: 11 august 1960 (from france) national holiday: independence day. 11 august (1960) constitution: passed by referendum 31 march 1996 legal system: based on french civil law system and chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory icj jurisdiction suffrage: 18 years of age; universal executive branch: chief of state: president lt. gen. idriss deby (since 4 december 1990) head of government: prime minister pascal yoadimnadji (since 3 february 2005) cabinet: council of state. members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote. the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 20 may 2001 (next to be held na 2006); prime minister appointed by the president election results: lt. gen. idriss deby reelected president; percent of vote - lt. gen. idriss deby 63%. ngarlegy yorongar 16%. saleh kebzabo 7% legislative branch: bicameral according to constitution. consists of a national assembly (155 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and a senate (not yet created and size unspecified. members to serve six-year terms. one-third of membership renewable every two years) elections: national assembly - last held 21 april 2002 (next to be held in april 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - na%; seats by party - mps 110. rdp 12. far 9. rndp 5. urd 5. undr 3. others 11 judicial branch: supreme court; court of appeal; criminal courts; magistrate courts political parties and leaders: federation action for the republic or far [ngarlejy yorongar]; national union for democracy and renewal or undr [saleh kebzabo]; party for liberty and development or pld [ibni oumar mahamat saleh]; patriotic salvation movement or mps [mahamat saleh ahmat. chairman]; rally for democracy and progress or rdp [lol mahamat choua]; union for democracy and republic or udr [jean alingue]; union for renewal and democracy or urd [gen. wadal abdelkader kamougue]; viva rally for development and progress or viva rndp [delwa kassire coumakoye] political pressure groups and leaders: na international organization participation: acct. acp. afdb. au. bdeac. cemac. fao. fz. g-77. iaea. ibrd. icao. icct (signatory). icftu. icrm. ida. idb. ifad. ifc. ifrcs. ilo. imf. interpol. ioc. itu. miga. nam. oic. onub. opcw. un. unctad. unesco. unido. unoci. upu. wcl. wco. who. wipo. wmo. wtoo. wto diplomatic representation in the us: chief of mission: ambassador mahamat adam bechir chancery: 2002 r street nw. washington. dc 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 462-4009 fax: [1] (202) 265-1937 diplomatic representation from the us: chief of mission: ambassador marc wall embassy: avenue felix eboue. n'djamena mailing address: b. p. 413. n'djamena telephone: [235] (51) 70-09 fax: [235] (51) 56-54 flag description: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side). yellow. and red; similar to the flag of romania; also similar to the flags of andorra and moldova. both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of france economy - overview: chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. over 80% of chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position. high energy costs. and a history of instability. chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. a consortium led by two us companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves. estimated at 1 billion barrels. in southern chad. the nation's total oil reserves have been estimated to be 2 billion barrels. oil production came on stream in late 2003. chad began to export oil in 2004. cotton. cattle. and gum arabic provide the bulk of chad's non-oil export earnings. gdp (purchasing power parity): $18.3 billion (2005 est.) gdp (official exchange rate): $4.988 billion (2005 est.) gdp - real growth rate: 14% (2005 est.) gdp - per capita: purchasing power parity - $1.900 (2005 est.) gdp - composition by sector: agriculture: 23.7% industry: 38.6% services: 37.7% (2005 est.) labor force: na labor force - by occupation: agriculture more than 80% (subsistence farming. herding. and fishing) unemployment rate: na population below poverty line: 80% (2001 est.) household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: na highest 10%: na inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.5% (2005 est.) investment (gross fixed): 7.2% of gdp (2005 est.) budget: revenues: $765.2 million expenditures: $653.3 million. including capital expenditures of $146 million (2005 est.) agriculture - products: cotton. sorghum. millet. peanuts. rice. potatoes. manioc (tapioca); cattle. sheep. goats. camels industries: oil. cotton textiles. meatpacking. beer brewing. natron (sodium carbonate). soap. cigarettes. construction materials industrial production growth rate: 5% (1995) electricity - production: 120 million kwh (2003) electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) electricity - consumption: 111.6 million kwh (2003) electricity - exports: 0 kwh (2003) electricity - imports: 0 kwh (2003) oil - production: 225.000 bbl/day (2005 est.) oil - consumption: 1.450 bbl/day (2003 est.) oil - exports: na oil - imports: na current account balance: $663.3 million (2005 est.) exports: $3.016 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) exports - partners: us 67.7%. china 21.5%. portugal 4.3% (2004) imports: $749.1 million f.o.b. (2005 est.) imports - partners: france 21.9%. cameroon 16.1%. us 10.8%. portugal 10.4%. germany 6.4%. belgium 4.6% (2004) reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $881.8 million (2005 est.) debt - external: $1.5 billion (2003 est.) economic aid - recipient: $238.3 million received; note - $125 million committed by taiwan (august 1997); $30 million committed by african development bank; oda $246.9 million (2003 est.) currency (code): communaute financiere africaine franc (xaf); note - responsible authority is the bank of the central african states currency code: xaf exchange rates: communaute financiere africaine francs (xaf) per us dollar - 516.5 (2005). 528.29 (2004). 581.2 (2003). 696.99 (2002). 733.04 (2001) fiscal year: calendar year telephones - main lines in use: 11.800 (2002) telephones - mobile cellular: 65.000 (2003) telephone system: general assessment: primitive system domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 intelsat (atlantic ocean) radio broadcast stations: am 2. fm 4. shortwave 5 (2002) radios: 1.67 million (1997) television broadcast stations: 1 (2002) televisions: 10.000 (1997) internet country code: .td internet hosts: 8 (2004) internet service providers (isps): 1 (2002) internet users: 15.000 (2002) airports: 50 (2004 est.) airports - with paved runways: total: 7 over 3.047 m: 2 2.438 to 3.047 m: 3 1.524 to 2.437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2005 est.) airports - with unpaved runways: total: 44 1.524 to 2.437 m: 14 914 to 1.523 m: 21 under 914 m: 9 (2005 est.) pipelines: oil 205 km (2004) roadways: total: 33.400 km paved: 267 km unpaved: 33.133 km (1999) waterways: chari and legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2002) military branches: chadian national army (armee nationale tchadienne. ant). air force. gendarmerie (2004) military service age and obligation: 20 years of age for conscripts. with 3-year service obligation; 18 years of age for volunteers; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a guardian (2004) manpower available for military service: males age 20-49: 1.559.382 (2005 est.) manpower fit for military service: males age 20-49: 834.695 (2005 est.) manpower reaching military service age annually: males: 95.228 (2005 est.) military expenditures - dollar figure: $101.3 million (2004) military expenditures - percent of gdp: 2.1% (2004) disputes - international: since 2003. janjawid armed militia and sudanese military have driven about 200.000 darfur region refugees into eastern chad; chad remains an important mediator in the sudanese civil conflict; chadian aozou rebels reside in southern libya; only nigeria and cameroon have heeded the lake chad commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes chad and niger refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 200.000 (sudan) 30.000 (central african republic) (2004)
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