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location:
central africa. south of libya
geographic coordinates:
15 00 n. 19 00 e
map references:
africa
area:
total: 1.284 million sq km land: 1.259.200 sq km water: 24.800 sq km
area - comparative:
slightly more than three times the size of california
land boundaries:
total: 5.968 km border countries: cameroon 1.094 km. central african republic 1.197 km. libya 1.055 km. niger 1.175 km. nigeria 87 km. sudan 1.360 km
coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
maritime claims:
none (landlocked)
climate:
tropical in south. desert in north
terrain:
broad. arid plains in center. desert in north. mountains in northwest. lowlands in south
elevation extremes:
lowest point: djourab depression 160 m highest point: emi koussi 3.415 m
natural resources:
petroleum. uranium. natron. kaolin. fish (lake chad). gold. limestone. sand and gravel. salt
land use:
arable land: 2.86% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 97.12% (2001)
irrigated land:
200 sq km (1998 est.)
natural hazards:
hot. dry. dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues
environment - current issues:
inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification
environment - international agreements:
party to: biodiversity. climate change. desertification. endangered species. ozone layer protection. wetlands signed. but not ratified: law of the sea. marine dumping
geography - note:
landlocked; lake chad is the most significant water body in the sahel
population:
9.826.419 (july 2005 est.)
age structure:
0-14 years: 47.9% (male 2.365.277/female 2.337.388) 15-64 years: 49.4% (male 2.323.110/female 2.528.086) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 109.535/female 163.023) (2005 est.)
median age:
total: 16.02 years male: 15.32 years female: 16.71 years (2005 est.)
population growth rate:
2.95% (2005 est.)
birth rate:
45.98 births/1.000 population (2005 est.)
death rate:
16.41 deaths/1.000 population (2005 est.)
net migration rate:
-0.11 migrant(s)/1.000 population (2005 est.)
sex ratio:
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
infant mortality rate:
total: 93.82 deaths/1.000 live births male: 103.03 deaths/1.000 live births female: 84.24 deaths/1.000 live births (2005 est.)
life expectancy at birth:
total population: 47.18 years male: 45.55 years female: 48.87 years (2005 est.)
total fertility rate:
6.32 children born/woman (2005 est.)
hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate:
4.8% (2003 est.)
hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids:
200.000 (2003 est.)
hiv/aids - deaths:
18.000 (2003 est.)
major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea. hepatitis a. and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)
nationality:
noun: chadian(s) adjective: chadian
ethnic groups:
200 distinct groups; in the north and center: arabs. gorane (toubou. daza. kreda). zaghawa. kanembou. ouaddai. baguirmi. hadjerai. fulbe. kotoko. hausa. boulala. and maba. most of whom are muslim; in the south: sara (ngambaye. mbaye. goulaye). moundang. moussei. massa. most of whom are christian or animist; about 1.000 french citizens live in chad
religions:
muslim 51%. christian 35%. animist 7%. other 7%
languages:
french (official). arabic (official). sara (in south). more than 120 different languages and dialects
literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write french or arabic total population: 47.5% male: 56% female: 39.3% (2003 est.)
country name:
conventional long form: republic of chad conventional short form: chad local long form: republique du tchad local short form: tchad
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