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government type:
republic capital: bujumbura administrative divisions: 16 provinces; bubanza. bujumbura. bururi. cankuzo. cibitoke. gitega. karuzi. kayanza. kirundo. makamba. muramvya. muyinga. mwaro. ngozi. rutana. ruyigi independence: 1 july 1962 (from un trusteeship under belgian administration) national holiday: independence day. 1 july (1962) constitution: 28 february 2005; ratified by popular referendum legal system: based on german and belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory icj jurisdiction suffrage: na years of age; universal adult executive branch: chief of state: president pierre nkurunziza (since 26 august 2005); vice president martin nduwimana (since 26 august 2005) head of government: president pierre nkurunziza (since 26 august 2005); vice president martin nduwimana (since 26 august 2005) cabinet: council of ministers appointed by president elections: the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term; elections (by the legislature) last held 19 august 2005 (next to be held na 2010); note - the constitution adopted in february 2005 permits the post-transition president to be elected by a two-thirds majority of the legislature election results: pierre nkurunziza was elected president by the legislature by a vote of 151 to 9; note - the constitution adopted in february 2005 permits the post-transition president to be elected by a two-thirds majority of the legislature legislative branch: bicameral. consists of a national assembly or assemblee nationale (minimum 100 seats; additional seats appointed by a national independent electoral commission to ensure ethnic representation; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a senate (54 seats; 34 by indirect vote to serve five year terms. with remaining seats assigned to ethnic groups and former chiefs of state) elections: last held 4 july 2005 (next to be held in 2010) election results: percent of vote by party - cndd-fdd 58.6%. frodebu 21.7%. uprona 7.2%. cndd 4.1%. mrc-rurenzangemero 2.1%. others 6.2%; seats by party - cndd-fdd 59. frodebu 25. uprona 10. cndd 4. mrc-rurenzangemero 2 judicial branch: supreme court or cour supreme; constitutional court; courts of appeal (there are three in separate locations); tribunals of first instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals) political parties and leaders: the three national. mainstream. governing parties are: unity for national progress or uprona [jean-baptiste manwangari. secretary general]; burundi democratic front or frodebu [leonce ngendakumana. president]; national council for the defense of democracy. front for the defense of democracy of cndd-fdd [hussein radjabu. president] note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998. included are: national resistance movement for the rehabilitation of the citizen or mrc-rurenzangemero [epitace banyaganakandi]; party for national redress or parena [jean-baptiste bagaza] political pressure groups and leaders: party for the liberation of the hutu people - national liberation front (palipehutu - fnl); note - as of december 2005. the only insurgent group still fighting the government international organization participation: acct. acp. afdb. au. cepgl. comesa. fao. g-77. ibrd. icao. icct. icftu. icrm. ida. ifad. ifc. ifrcs. ilo. imf. interpol. ioc. iom (observer). iso (subscriber). itu. miga. nam. opcw. un. unctad. unesco. unido. upu. wco. who. wipo. wmo. wtoo. wto diplomatic representation in the us: chief of mission: ambassador antoine ntamobwa chancery: suite 212. 2233 wisconsin avenue nw. washington. dc 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 fax: [1] (202) 342-2578 diplomatic representation from the us: chief of mission: ambassador (vacant. as of 20 december 2005) embassy: avenue des etats-unis. bujumbura mailing address: b. p. 1720. bujumbura telephone: [257] 223454 fax: [257] 222926 flag description: divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above. two stars below) economy - overview: burundi is a landlocked. resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. the economy is predominantly agricultural with more than 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. economic growth depends on coffee and tea exports. which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings. the ability to pay for imports. therefore. rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. the tutsi minority. 14% of the population. dominates the government and the coffee trade at the expense of the hutu majority. 85% of the population. since october 1993 an ethnic-based war has resulted in more than 200.000 deaths. forced 450.000 refugees into tanzania. and displaced 140.000 others internally. only one in two children go to school. and approximately one in ten adults has hiv/aids. food. medicine. and electricity remain in short supply. political stability and the end of the civil war have improved aid flows and economic activity has increased. but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate. poor education rates. a weak legal system. and low administrative capacity - risk undermining planned economic reforms. gdp (purchasing power parity): $4.432 billion (2005 est.) gdp (official exchange rate): $739.5 million (2005 est.) gdp - real growth rate: 5.5% (2005 est.) gdp - per capita: purchasing power parity - $700 (2005 est.) gdp - composition by sector: agriculture: 45.6% industry: 20.8% services: 33.6% (2005 est.) labor force: 2.99 million (2002) labor force - by occupation: agriculture 93.6%. industry 2.3%. services 4.1% (2002 est.) unemployment rate: na population below poverty line: 68% (2002 est.) household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 1.8% highest 10%: 32.9% (1998) distribution of family income - gini index: 33.3 (1998) inflation rate (consumer prices): 14% (2005 est.) investment (gross fixed): 11.5% of gdp (2005 est.) budget: revenues: $215.4 million expenditures: $278 million. including capital expenditures of na (2005 est.) agriculture - products: coffee. cotton. tea. corn. sorghum. sweet potatoes. bananas. manioc (tapioca); beef. milk. hides industries: light consumer goods such as blankets. shoes. soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing industrial production growth rate: 18% (2001) electricity - production: 141.3 million kwh (2003) electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 0.6% hydro: 99.4% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) electricity - consumption: 141.4 million kwh (2003) electricity - exports: 0 kwh (2003) electricity - imports: 10 million kwh; note - supplied by the democratic republic of the congo (2003) oil - production: 0 bbl/day (2003) oil - consumption: 3.000 bbl/day (2003 est.) oil - exports: na (2001) oil - imports: na (2001) current account balance: $-55 million (2005 est.) exports: $52 million f.o.b. (2005 est.) exports - partners: germany 20.7%. belgium 8.6%. pakistan 7%. us 5.9%. rwanda 5.9% (2004) imports: $200 million f.o.b. (2005 est.) imports - partners: kenya 13.6%. tanzania 11.1%. us 8.8%. belgium 8.5%. france 8.3%. italy 5.9%. uganda 5.6%. japan 4.6%. germany 4.4% (2004) reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $76 million (2005 est.) debt - external: $1.2 billion (2003) economic aid - recipient: $105.5 million (2003) currency (code): burundi franc (bif) currency code: bif exchange rates: burundi francs per us dollar - 1.138 (2005). 1.100.91 (2004). 1.082.62 (2003). 930.75 (2002). 830.35 (2001) fiscal year: calendar year telephones - main lines in use: 23.900 (2003) telephones - mobile cellular: 64.000 (2003) telephone system: general assessment: primitive system domestic: sparse system of open-wire. radiotelephone communications. and low-capacity microwave radio relay international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 intelsat (indian ocean) radio broadcast stations: am 0. fm 4. shortwave 1 (2001) radios: 440.000 (2001) television broadcast stations: 1 (2001) televisions: 25.000 (1997) internet country code: .bi internet hosts: 22 (2003) internet service providers (isps): 1 (2000) internet users: 14.000 (2003) airports: 8 (2004 est.) airports - with paved runways: total: 1 over 3.047 m: 1 (2005 est.) airports - with unpaved runways: total: 7 914 to 1.523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2005 est.) roadways: total: 14.480 km paved: 1.028 km unpaved: 13.452 km (1999) waterways: mainly on lake tanganyika (2004) ports and terminals: bujumbura military branches: national defense force (forces de defense nationales. fdn): army (includes naval detachment and air wing). national gendarmerie (disbanding begun in 2004) (2005) military service age and obligation: 16 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2001) manpower available for military service: males age 16-49: 1.379.793 (2005 est.) manpower fit for military service: males age 16-49: 693.956 (2005 est.) manpower reaching military service age annually: males: 84.597 (2005 est.) military expenditures - dollar figure: $38.7 million (2004) military expenditures - percent of gdp: 6% (2004) disputes - international: tutsi. hutu. other conflicting ethnic groups. associated political rebels. armed gangs. and various government forces continue fighting in the great lakes region. transcending the boundaries of burundi. democratic republic of the congo. rwanda. and uganda in an effort to gain control over populated and natural resource areas; government heads pledge to end conflict. but localized violence continues despite the presence of about 6.000 peacekeepers from the un operation in burundi (onub) since 2004; although some 150.000 burundian refugees have been repatriated. as of february 2005. burundian refugees still reside in camps in western tanzania as well as the democratic republic of the congo refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 60.288 (democratic republic of the congo) idps: 140.000 (armed conflict between government and rebels; most idps in northern and western burundi) (2004)
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