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location:
oceania. continent between the indian ocean and the south pacific ocean
geographic coordinates:
27 00 s. 133 00 e
map references:
oceania
area:
total: 7.686.850 sq km land: 7.617.930 sq km water: 68.920 sq km note: includes lord howe island and macquarie island
area - comparative:
slightly smaller than the us contiguous 48 states
land boundaries:
0 km
coastline:
25.760 km
maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
climate:
generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north
terrain:
mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast
elevation extremes:
lowest point: lake eyre -15 m highest point: mount kosciuszko 2.229 m
natural resources:
bauxite. coal. iron ore. copper. tin. gold. silver. uranium. nickel. tungsten. mineral sands. lead. zinc. diamonds. natural gas. petroleum
land use:
arable land: 6.55% (includes about 27 million hectares of cultivated grassland) permanent crops: 0.04% other: 93.41% (2001)
irrigated land:
24.000 sq km (1998 est.)
natural hazards:
cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires
environment - current issues:
soil erosion from overgrazing. industrial development. urbanization. and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the great barrier reef off the northeast coast. the largest coral reef in the world. is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resources
environment - international agreements:
party to: antarctic-environmental protocol. antarctic-marine living resources. antarctic seals. antarctic treaty. biodiversity. climate change. desertification. endangered species. environmental modification. hazardous wastes. law of the sea. marine dumping. marine life conservation. ozone layer protection. ship pollution. tropical timber 83. tropical timber 94. wetlands. whaling signed. but not ratified: climate change-kyoto protocol
geography - note:
world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; the invigorating tropical sea breeze known as the "fremantle doctor" affects the city of perth on the west coast. and is one of the most consistent winds in the world
population:
20.090.437 (july 2005 est.)
age structure:
0-14 years: 19.8% (male 2.038.809/female 1.943.563) 15-64 years: 67.2% (male 6.815.600/female 6.695.189) 65 years and over: 12.9% (male 1.145.274/female 1.452.002) (2005 est.)
median age:
total: 36.56 years male: 35.74 years female: 37.4 years (2005 est.)
population growth rate:
0.87% (2005 est.)
birth rate:
12.26 births/1.000 population (2005 est.)
death rate:
7.44 deaths/1.000 population (2005 est.)
net migration rate:
3.91 migrant(s)/1.000 population (2005 est.)
sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
infant mortality rate:
total: 4.69 deaths/1.000 live births male: 5.08 deaths/1.000 live births female: 4.27 deaths/1.000 live births (2005 est.)
life expectancy at birth:
total population: 80.39 years male: 77.52 years female: 83.4 years (2005 est.)
total fertility rate:
1.76 children born/woman (2005 est.)
hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate:
0.1% (2003 est.)
hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids:
14.000 (2003 est.)
hiv/aids - deaths:
less than 200 (2003 est.)
nationality:
noun: australian(s) adjective: australian
ethnic groups:
caucasian 92%. asian 7%. aboriginal and other 1%
religions:
catholic 26.4%. anglican 20.5%. other christian 20.5%. buddhist 1.9%. muslim 1.5%. other 1.2%. unspecified 12.7%. none 15.3% (2001 census)
languages:
english 79.1%. chinese 2.1%. italian 1.9%. other 11.1%. unspecified 5.8% (2001 census)
literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (1980 est.)
country name:
conventional long form: commonwealth of australia conventional short form: australia
government type:
democratic. federal-state system recognizing the british monarch as sovereign
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